Molecular Biotechnology

Starting with the question, "What is life?", chemistry is discussed as the basis for life (biomolecules, energy production, metabolism). Darwinian evolution, forces and mechanisms of evolution, speciation and origin of life follow. Hierarchy of life, relatedness of organisms, sequence comparisons at DNA and protein levels. Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, reproduction and inheritance. Milestones in the history of life on our planet. Evolution of man.

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written examination

Characteristics of cells. Differentiation between Archaea and Bacteria, between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Origin of eukaryotic cells, differences between plant and animal cells. Characteristics of eukaryotic cells using examples from the kingdom of protists, fungi, animals and especially from tissues of seed plants. Basics of plant anatomy. Cell cycle and basics of division of eukaryotic cells by mitosis. Overview of operation and application of various microscopic techniques: Bright field, dark field, polarization, phase contrast, fluorescence, electron microscopy and flow cytometry and sample preparation for these methods.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written Exam

Eucaryotic cells from protista, Plantae, Animales, Funghi alive and prepared.
Procaryotic cells.
Subcellular structures in light mikroskop.
Preparationmethods for microskopy, staining methods.
Dokumentation of microscopic analysis.
Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy.

Practical exercise and training with additional demonstrations.

Continuous assessment: Course with inherent examination character. Assessment criteria are the continuous personal participation and engagement during the practical courses as well as the quality of lab reports that have to be done.

Atomic structure: structure of the atom, elementary particles, elements; isotopes; radioactive decay, (radioactive) displacement theorems, decay series. Atom models: Rutherford model, Bohr model, wave mechanical model. Periodic Table of the Elements: Periods and groups, major group elements and minor group elements, electron configuration of the elements, general connections of the periodic table. Bonds (with special consideration of the resulting spatial structure): Metallic bond, ionic bond, covalent bond, coordinate bond; intermolecular bonding forces; acid-base concept. Conservation laws and consequences: stoichiometry, energy and enthalpy, entropy, spontaneity of chemical reactions, redox reactions. States of matter and their regularities. Chemical equilibrium, law of mass action, acids / bases in detail, pH value.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written Exam

In several units the theoretical basics of wet chemical qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic samples are taught: The first unit begins with the fundamentals of analysis. Thereafter, preliminary samples as well as individual detections of anions, cations as well as inorganic salts will be discussed, with a special focus on reaction equations and stoichiometry. In addition to the analysis of inorganic samples, the first basics of the wet chemical analysis of organic samples will be worked out. Besides elemental detections and the detection of functional groups, simple extraction and separation techniques based on selected organic compounds will be covered.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written Exam

The laboratory exercise program is divided into five modules. In the first part, simple laboratory techniques are explained and the preparation of reagent solutions is worked out together. In the second module, the separation and analysis of inorganic mixtures of anions and cations is carried out independently.

Building on the skills acquired so far, inorganic solids as well as simple organic acids and their salts are prepared and identified in the 3rd module. Furthermore, the rapid identification of selected ions of toxicological interest using different semiquantitative test systems is presented. The 4th module of the laboratory exercise program is devoted to quantitative analysis using various volumetric methods. In the last module, students work on the calculation and preparation of practical buffer systems with the aid of pH meters.

Type of protocol: Handwritten protocol of the individual experiments.

Mainly working out methods: e.g. guided practice tasks in the lab.

Final exam: Immanent examination character

Students learn the basics of genetics and molecular biology. Genetics - Mendel, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), genome structure, chromatin and nucleosomes, replication of DNA, mutations and repair mechanisms, homologous recombination, sequence-specific recombination, transposition.

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written examination

Elementary models of population dynamics: We study the deterministic behaviour of elementary large-ensemble models.

- Exponential growth and its underlying geometric principle, logistic growth, short discussion of the dynamics of non-linear systems (Cobweb diagram).
- Matrix models: Levkovich and Leslie models, Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues as tool to determine the asympotic behaviour of linear models.

Integrated Online Course

Continuous assessment: Short written exams on a regular basis. Written final report. Possibly additional oral exam to clarify questions.

Starting from the concept of business administration and operations, the economic advantages and disadvantages of the different legal forms of companies are discussed. Regarding the operational organization, we deal with aspects of value creation as well as common key figures. This course revolves around strategic goals and management methods. Based on this, strategic marketing is presented first, followed by operational marketing. Subsequently, fields of action in personnel policy will be presented. The course concludes with the requirements of external accounting.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written Exam

• Fundamentals of the constitutional state
• Overview of the Austrian Federal Constitution
• Democracy and its institutional expression
• The administration
• The rule of law
• Federalism and the European Union
• Trade law
• Reproductive medicine law
• Genetic engineering law
• Animal protection law
• Pharmaceutical law

The basics of public law taught to students in a general section include, in particular, the basic principles of Austrian constitutional law, the structure of legislation, the types and principles of enforcement and the various possibilities of legal protection. The students learn relevant regulations concerning the commencement, exercise and termination of a commercial activity: classification of trades; prerequisites for exercising a trade (capacity to act under trade law, proof of qualification, etc.); scope of the trade license; exercise of trades (trade license, trade owner, tradeswoman/trader); loss of the trade license. Another focus in this context is the law on business facilities, where first the term "business facility" is defined and finally the licensing requirements for business facilities are discussed. On the basis of the conveyed constitutional and legal provisions of reproductive medicine law, organ transplantation law and the regulations for the protection of life, essential questions on the subject of "biomedicine" are discussed in connection with their ethical background. In the area of animal protection law, questions of animal experimentation law as well as those of animal protection law are dealt with. Within the framework of the presentation of the main features of genetic engineering law, the regulations for work in a contained system and the safety regulations that apply to this, as well as the regulations for the release and placing on the market of GMOs, are taught, among other things.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written Exam

Main topic: Onboarding, group formation, job profile & career opportunities

• • Students:
  • get to know their fellow students,
  • get to know their lecturers and the researchers
  • get to know the research focuses of the section
  • understand which career opportunities are open to them
  • are introduced to the future visions of molecular biotechnology
• • Students become part of a (professional) community

Lecture, individual and group work, practical exercises Self-assessment via exercises

• for self-reflection and individual application
• practical exercises with feedback and analysis

Continuous assessment: Continuous assessment

Continuous assessment: Performance and progress are assessed on an ongoing basis. The assessment is based on all written and oral work during the semester. Collaboration is additionally taken into account.

Tasks of quantitative analysis and measuring instruments

Basic analytical operations (e.g. preparation of solutions, gravimetry, titrations)

Methods of dimensional analysis (acid-base and redox titrations) incl. content determination

Instrumental methods (potentiometry, photometry, chromatography)

Presenting & Activating methods: The explanation of the theoretical basics is done using selected examples from the fields of general analytics, environmental analytics, food analytics and drug analytics (PowerPoint presentation). The frontal teaching is supplemented by online quizzes.

Final exam: Written Exam

The laboratory exercise includes the detection of covalently bound elements such as nitrogen, sulphur, halogen, etc. Thermal analyses are also carried out. Refractometry is used to determine the refractive index of a pure liquid and the concentration of a sucrose solution. Photometry is used to determine the concentration (recording and interpretation of a UV spectrum/ calibration line) of a compound. In addition, two potentiometric examples for quantitative determination are given. Another important part of the laboratory exercise is dedicated to the detection of functional groups and the identification of drugs (sulfonamides) using thin layer chromatography. Type of protocol: Result protocol to be filled in.

Activating method: Development of knowledge on the basis of concrete samples.

Final exam: Verification by evaluation of the results of the analysis

Biotechnology, biotechnologically produced products, basics of recombinant DNA technology and DNA cloning. Expression cloning: Prokaryotic cloning vectors, eukaryotic cloning vectors, gene regulation elements, selection markers, genetic markers.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written exam

• Expression of the genome (mechanism of transcription, splicing of RNA, translation, the genetic code.
• Regulation of gene expression (transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes, transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes)
• Regulatory RNAs
• Gene regulation in development and evolution
• Basic molecular biology methods (PCR, sequencing etc)
• Signal transduction
• Cell death
• Model organisms of molecular biology

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written examination

This course is held in addition to the lecture QACL. The students should master the mathematical basics (general algebra, application of equations with one or two variables, percentages, statistics) in order to be able to apply them to chemical problems. Mathematical quantities and units as well as the mole concept are important here. There will be a strong focus on practical application. The following areas are covered:

Concentrations, making solutions and calculus of mixtures.

Reaction equations: Formulation, determination of stoichiometric numbers and conversion calculations

Stoichiometry in gravimetry: gravimetric factor

Concentration determination by instrumental methods: external calibration

Evaluation of measurement results: systematic and random errors, measurement accuracy

Presenting & Activating Methods: A part of the ILV is held as frontal teaching by means of Power Point presentation. Complementary activities are built in: math problems, online quizzes, video. Exercises are offered for self-study.

Final exam: Written Exam

We discuss various basic mathematical models from population dynamics, population genetics and epidemiology, and develop necessary math skills by exploring these models.

(a) Simulation of Leslie models of real Populations based on empirical data,

(b) Population genetics: Hardy--Weinberg equilibrium of large ensemble population and the contrasting genetic drift model of Wright--Fisher.

Integrated Online Course

Final exam: Periodic short practice test, an ongoing group project and a written exam at the end of the course. Possibly additional oral exam to clarify questions.

Basics in probability theory and statistics with focus on biology.
(1) Descriptive Statistics:
Basics of describing and visualisation of empirical data by means of GNU R.
(2) Probability Theory
Probability Calculation, Bayes’ Theorem.
(3) Modells in Probability Theory
Random variables, basic stochastic processes.
(4) Inductive Statistics
Parameter Estimation, Confidence Intervals, Hypothesis Testing
(5) Reproducible Research
Basics of producing statistical reports.

Integrated Online-Course

Final exam: Periodic short practice test, an ongoing project and a written exam at the end of the course. Oral examination to clarify specific questions concerning the project are possible.

The systematic nomenclature of chemistry. Groups 1,2,13-18 of the periodic table, periodicity, chemical properties of the elements, their extraction and most important meaning, important compounds and their representation and significance. subgroups, some important inner subgroup elements and their connections. Biological and pharmaceutical importance of the individual elements and their most important compounds, minerals and (ultra)trace elements.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written Final Exam

Students are taught the physical, chemical and cellular fundamentals of the structure and molecular structure of biomacromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids). A special focus is on the importance of carbon for the chemistry of living organisms and on the important role of water for the structure and function of biomacromolecules. Afterwards, amino acids and proteins, sugars and polysaccharides, as well as fatty acids and lipids are examined in more detail. The chemistry of the covalently linked monomers (amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids) is always considered first and then the structure of the macromolecules and supramolecular complexes is described. Special attention is paid to the following points: 1) that the unique structure of macromolecules determines their function, 2) that non-covalent interactions play a decisive role in the structure and function of macromolecules, and 3) that monomers of polymeric macromolecules have a specific order that provides information on which the ordered state of life depends.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written Final Exam (Multiple Choice Teil, Essay Question)

1. atomic orbitals - hybridization of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes 2. bond types: Covalent bond, Π bond, van der Waals bonds, hydrogen bonds 3. mesomers and inductive effects 4. substance classes: Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, haloalkanes, alcohols, phenols, ethers, sulphur compounds, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives, carbonic acid and derivatives, amines; trivial nomenclature of important alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, etc. 5. Oxidations, reductions 6. stereoisomerism - mirror image isomerism: constitution, configuration, conformation; chirality, enantiomers, diastereomers, racemic cleavage of acidic or basic compounds; polarimetry, determination of optical purity 7. acid/base strength of organic compounds 8. reaction mechanisms: Nucleophilic substitution reactions on the total carbon atom, electrophilic substitution reactions on aromatics, electrophilic and nucleophilic additions on C,C double bonds, condensations on the carbonyl group: acetals, cyanohydrins, reductions with sodium borohydride and lithium aluminium hydride, Grignard reactions, aldol and Knoevenagel condensations, Wittig and Mannich reactions, addition/elimination reactions on the carboxyl group, eliminations

Presenting method

Final exam: Three written sub-exams

• Main features of private law
• Labor law
• Corporate and company law
• Patent Law

Main features of private law:

First, the characteristics of private law, its sub-materials and the relationship between private law and public law are discussed in general terms. In a next step, legal entities and their legal capacity to act as well as the formation and effects of obligations (contractual or statutory) are dealt with. The focus is on contract law: types of contracts, conclusion of contracts, interpretation of contracts, errors in the conclusion and performance of contracts (esp. error, warranty, default), representation / power of attorney, general terms and conditions (GTC). In addition, relevant liability law issues are discussed as part of the presentation of tort law, and basic features of property law (e.g. acquisition of property) and consumer law are explained.

Corporate and Company Law:

First, a general section explains the basic concepts of business and corporate law (e.g. the term "entrepreneur" according to the Austrian Commercial Code, the company register, the term "company") and the common features of the different types of companies. Subsequently, the most important company forms available in Austria (esp. AG, GmbH, OG, KG, GesbR, Stille Gesellschaft, Genossenschaften) are presented in outline from formation to termination. Students will learn about important questions concerning the formation, the different organs and the rights and duties of the shareholders, the regulation of the internal and external relationship (management and representation, profit distribution, withdrawal rights, etc) as well as the termination (dissolution including regular subsequent liquidation/winding up) of the individual company forms.

Labor law:

Within the framework of the presentation of the main features of labor law, the focus is on questions of the establishment and termination of the employment relationship (in particular the prerequisites for the conclusion of employment contracts and the differentiation of the employment contract from other types of contracts [e.g. service contract, contract for work and services]) as well as questions regarding the prohibition of competition. Furthermore, students learn about the rights and obligations of the employee or the employing institution arising from the employment relationship and deal with the provisions of employee protection law.

Patent Law:

Introduction to patent law and differentiation from other industrial property rights or copyright law: in this context, the individual requirements for protection and rights of exclusion are explained in detail, as well as the national granting procedure and the enforcement of rights at the national level in overview. Also covered are licensing possibilities and basic features of international patent law.

Presenting & Activating Methods: Lecture with interactive character

Final exam: Written Exam

? Basic concepts of ethics ? Ethical issues in relation to the professional field (e.g. scientific integrity) ? Self-responsibility, assessing the consequences of actions (e.g. code of conduct) ? current topics of (bio-)ethics

Activating methods

Continuous assessment: Performance and progress are permanently evaluated.

The basics of self-coaching and techniques of stress management are learned and personal perception and communication patterns are made conscious. Methods of self-motivation, time management and stress reduction are tried out and reflected upon, and the effects of perception on behaviour and communication are analysed. In addition, practical experience in self-management for later professional life is gained through implementation tasks. Main focus: Self coaching and communication >> Self coaching and motivation >> Stress and time management >> Perception and interpretation >> Communication analysis

Activating methods

Final exam: Performance and progress are permanently evaluated. The assessment is based on all written and oral work during the semester. Cooperation is also taken into account.

Structure and function of cellular organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, etc.) and cellular structures (cytoskeleton). Structure, properties and function of biomembranes. Ion channel and transporter mediated transport of small molecules through membranes. Protein transport in organelles and in and from cells (endocytosis, secretion). The cytoskeleton: structure, regulatory proteins and role in intracellular transport/contact/communication between cells via connections; the concept of tissues and extracellular matrix. Complicated processes that integrate some features: Expansion of the action potential along nerve cells; muscle contraction, energy conversion in the mitochondria, photosynthesis.

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written examination

1) General principles of cell and tissue culture (legal principles, guidelines for working in laboratories of safety classes 1 and 2 (S1, S2 laboratory), spatial and instrumental equipment, sterile technology, contamination and its prevention) 2) The cell and its environment (culture vessels and their treatment, growth conditions) 3) Routine methods for the general handling of cultivated cells (medium change, subcultivation, Determination of general growth parameters, freezing, storage and shipping of cells) 4) Cell lines versus primary cells (production of primary cells, establishment and characterization of cell lines) 5) Cells as factories (hybridoma technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies, production of recombinant proteins, transfection, mass cell cultures) 6) Methods in cell culture 7) Fundamentals of stem cells and plant cell cultures

Presenting method

Final exam: Moodle Quizzes, Written Final Exam

Introduction to the different topics of bioinformatics.

• Basics of sequence analysis, in particular transcript and genome analysis.
• Relationship between sequence, structure and function of proteins
• Metabolic models
• Phylogenetic studies
• Metagenome analyses

Introduction to the most important relevant databases Introduction to programming Practical experience: use of relevant databases, sequence comparisons, gene expression analysis, construction of phylogenetic trees, genome analysis and visualization, pattern search, concepts of programming

Presenting & Activating Methods

Final exam: Editing examples, and self-testing with Moodle

Poisson Processes
Fluctuation Test by Luria-Delbrück
Classic Parameter and Distributionstests
Linear Regression
One-Factor-ANOVA

Integrated Online Course

Final exam: Short written exams on a regular basis. Written final exam (report). Possibly additional oral exam to clarify questions.

Fundamentals of protein folding using folding funnels; role of in vivo chaperones in in vivo protein folding. Intrinsically unfolded proteins as well as protein folding diseases with a focus on Alzheimer's disease. Brief insight into cellular phase separation of biomacromolecules. Protein purification and detection methods. Structure elucidation of proteins using X-ray structure analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cryo-electron microscopy. Models of ligand binding (induced fit, lock-and-key) and their quantitative description using binding isotherms. Principles of allostery and cooperative ligand binding using hemoglobin as an example: MWC and KNF model, Hill diagram. Hemoglobinopathies with emphasis on sickle cell anemia. Brief introduction to chemical reaction kinetics. General mode of action of enzymes based on energy profiles, major classes, enzyme kinetics, Lineweaver-Burk diagram, enzymatic activity, types and mode of action of enzymatic inhibitors, role of cofactors, strategies to lower activation energy, reaction mechanisms of selected enzymes.

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written exam

Introduction to the fundamentals of physical chemistry, first and second laws of thermodynamics, enthalpy, entropy, free enthalpy, spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, driving force of chemical reactions, phase equilibria, phase diagrams, equilibrium reactions, electrochemistry.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written Exam

• Historical development and current tasks of common quality management systems
• Overview of quality management systems (especially TQM, ISO 900x, ISO 17025)
• Overview of relevant legal background (especially GLP, GMP, basic GCP, accreditation, notified bodies, EU market surveillance / New Approach)
• Definition, meaning and content of
  • Quality
  • Quality Management,
  • Quality Management System (QM System),
  • The quality cycle: quality planning, control, assurance, testing, improvement,
  • Quality audit
• Product quality, process quality
• Benchmarking
• Process management: Processes definitions, key figures
• Processes in the company
  • Core processes (value creation)
  • Management processes
  • Supporting processes
• Processes and management systems
• Measuring and controlling processes
• Processes and change

Presenting method

Final exam: Final examination: Written final examination and evaluation of cooperation

The lecture includes the following topics:

(1) Introduction to microbiology (definition of microorganisms; history of microbiology; influence of microorganisms); (2) Microbial evolution and diversity (origin of life; tree of life; methods of determining evolutionary relationships; microbial diversity); (3) structure and function of microbial cells (overview and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells); (4) microorganisms and their natural environment (nutrients; environmental factors; habitats); (5) microbial metabolism; (6) cultivation and growth of microorganisms; (7) control of microbial growth (in vitro and in vivo applications); (8) Interactions between microbes and humans (beneficial and harmful); and (9) Introduction to medical microbiology (epidemiology; microbial diseases; diagnostic microbiology.

The learning content of the lecture is conveyed using a Power Point presentation. During the lecture, current publications and research results on the subject of microbiology are presented, which are then to be discussed.
At the end of each chapter, the most important core statements of the presented topics are summarized in the form of take home messages and questions related to the topics dealt with in the teaching unit are presented, which are similar to the type of exam questions.

Final exam: At the end of the course there is a written exam (100%) which is made up of open questions.

First, the innate immune system with its characteristic features is described and compared to the adaptive immune system. In the following, antigen presentation is the most important interface between the innate and adaptive immune system. This is followed by a discussion of the development and function of the adaptive immune system.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written final exam

This lecture gives an introduction to the topic of virology. Students are taught the most important characteristics of viruses and are given an understanding of virus classification. In addition, the students get to know important representatives of bacteriophages and important human pathogenic viruses and gain insight into virus-cell interaction and virus-virus interactions. Furthermore, basic principles of virus structure, viral genome organisation, viral replication and gene expression are discussed and the life cycles of some selected viruses are compared. In addition, similarities and differences between viruses and subviral particles will be identified.

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written examination (multiple choice questions, essay questions).

The following basic methods will be learned in this laboratory practical:

• Pipetting
• Restriction digestion
• Restriction digestion
• Agarose gel electrophoresis
• DNA concentration determination by photometer

The experimental background is plasmid mapping using multiple restriction digests. Type of protocol: abstract, result image including labeling, discussion, mapping, literature, in English.

Activating methods

Final exam: Protocol in English language, Written final examination

In this practical course, a gene is inserted into a plasmid and it is then checked by various molecular methods (PCR, restriction digestion) whether the recombinant plasmid is stable in E.coli. The students apply methods that were previously developed theoretically in the lecture Methods of DNA Analysis and in the seminar Molecular Biological & Biophysical Methods. Type of protocol: protocol in the form of a scientific publication - abstract, introduction, M&M, results, discussion, literature.

Activating methods

Final exam: Protocol, Written final examination

In this course, the basic methods for molecular biologists, based on the lecture Methods of DNA analysis (2nd semester), are covered. The students get a theoretical insight into molecular biological methods. The topics are worked out in small groups and presented online to each other in a jigsaw puzzle. Selection of topics: Cultivation of micro-organisms used for cloning (genetic markers of cultivated strains, determination of the growth behaviour of micro-organisms) Isolation and purification of nucleic acids from different organisms (cell disruption methods, Phenol extraction, precipitation of nucleic acids) Detection of nucleic acids (agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, spectrophotometric nucleic acid concentration determination) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (oligonucleotides vs. Primers, annealing temperature, qPCR, reverse transcriptase PCR)

Southern and Northern blot (theory of hybridization, nucleic acid probes) Western blot (SDS-polyacrylamide gel, chemoluminescence) Protein expression and protein purification (protein tags z.

B

. His-Tag, affinity chromatography, bacterial protein expression systems) antibodies and their use in molecular biology (monoclonal antibodies vs. Polyclonal antibodies, titration of antibodies, ELISA) Centrifugation (differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation) Fluorescence in molecular biology (fluorescent dyes, protein fluorophores, FRET, FACS) Microarray (principle, application) Sequencing (Sanger Dideoxy sequencing, shotgun sequencing, fluorescence sequencing, next generation sequencing)

Presenting & Activating Methods: Jigsaw Puzzle Presentation via Zoom

Final exam: Cooperation - Jigsaw puzzle, Written final exam

1. Handling of routine cell cultures (splitting, cryopreservation, live-dead determination).
2. Growth curve (evaluation of doubling time and influence of changed culture conditions)
3. Cell cycle/mitotic stages
4. Cytoskeleton/transfection
5. Problem based assignment (theoretical)

Type of protocol: 4 experiments each separately with introduction, M&M, results and discussion, bibliography at the end.

Activating methods

Final exam: 1) Ongoing assessment of the practical work (technical ability and cooperation) 2) Final discussion (with examination character) and presentation of the problem-based problem definition

3) Individual written protocol

The course is, among other things, a consolidation of what was taught in the module "Scientific, Social & Communication Skills". The focus is on getting students to reach the level required to speak and use the "language of science" in a company or research institute. As in the first two semesters, great value is placed on both social and subject-specific English, but with a focus on English for natural scientists. English is taught using authentic materials: standard operating procedures, lab reports, handbooks, etc., using familiar blended learning tools such as group puzzles, individual and group presentations, or video material. Scientific writing (lab reports, summaries, ...) are taught. Grammar and punctuation are taught if required by the level of students. The following topics are taught: 1. Scientific writing: > Lab reports · vocabulary · content · scientific expression · construction · style · summarizing · referencing 2. Technical manuals: · vocabulary · interpretation · implementation / communication of the content 3. Career: · vocabulary · applications · CVs 4. Knowledge acquisition and communication: · reading and presenting the contents of authentic research articles (Nature/Cell etc.) · summary writing Continuous self-reflection, self-evaluation and evaluation of colleagues.

Activating Methods: e.g. presentations, discussions …

Continuous assessment: Performance and progress are permanently assessed. The assessment is based on all written and oral work during the semester. Active participation during the lessons is also taken into account.

The content of the course is linked to the module "Scientific, Social & Communication Skills". The focus is on preparing students for cooperation in project teams and possible conflict situations in everyday work. The third semester focuses on team development and conflict resolution. On the basis of practical experience, team processes and factors influencing team productivity are analysed and design options are developed. The causes for the emergence of conflicts and typical behaviour patterns in conflict situations as well as their effects are reflected upon. With case studies and exercises, unconstructive and constructive conflict resolution is tried out. Thematic focus: Team development and conflict resolution " Working group or team " Phases in team development " Roles in the team " Analysis of conflicts " Phases of conflict escalation " Strategies for dealing with conflicts

Activating methods

Continuous assessment: Performance and progress are permanently evaluated. The assessment is based on various written and oral assignments during the semester. Cooperation is also taken into account.

Energy and matter flow through the biosphere, thermodynamics of biochemical processes: Role of ATP, group transfer potential, coupling of reactions and principle of Le Chatelier, open systems, steady state, substrate chain and oxidative phosphorylation, biological redox reactions.

Basic catabolic (energy-producing) & anabolic (biosynthetic) metabolic pathways: carbohydrate, fatty acid, cholesterol, nitrogen, amino acid, nucleotide metabolism, citrate cycle, regulated protein degradation (proteasome, autophagy). Includes biochemical reactions, enzymes and coenzymes/vitamins (including their mechanism using selected examples), establishing energy balances, and causes of some major metabolic diseases.

Regulation and integration of metabolism: concept of pacemaker and "committed steps," avoidance of idle cycles, substrate channeling, iso(en)cyms, regulation of enzyme activity, examples of hormonal regulation of metabolic reactions and associated signal transduction mechanisms.

Methods for elucidating metabolic pathways, metabolomics/metabonomics, metabolic flux, brief overview of metabolic control analysis (MCA).

Presentation of recent examples on biotechnological and medical issues from original literature.

Presenting method

Final exam: Written final Exam (Multiple Choice Teil, Essay Questions)

A) Spectroscopic methods The principle of spectroscopic methods, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, flame photometry (atomic emission spectroscopy), fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray structure analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy B) Separation methods Chromatographic methods, the principle of chromatographic methods, thin layer chromatography classical column chromatography, HPLC, gas chromatography, evaluation of chromatograms; Electrophoretic methods: General principles, gel electrophoresis (1D, 2D), capillary electrophoresis

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written Exam

Students are taught the theory of basic protein chemical techniques in this course. Preparative purification of proteins will be performed and proteins will be analytically detected, enzyme kinetic methods will be performed, the first steps of a proteomic analysis and the evaluation and interpretation of biochemical experimental data and the presentation of these scientific data will be taught.

The following practical laboratory examples will be performed by the students:

Enzyme kinetics: photometry, Lambert-Beer's law, Michaelis-Menten kinetics, direct representation of data, Lineweaver-Birk diagram, influence of inhibitors on kinetic constants Km and Vmax, inhibitor types, determination of IC50 values.

Protein chemical methods for preparative enzyme purification and for the first phase of a proteomic analysis: Preparation of buffers, cell disruption methods (mixer, douncer), cell fractionation, reversible and irreversible precipitation of proteins (ammonium sulfate, heat, acid), centrifugation, dialysis, ion exchange chromatography, direct and indirect enzyme assay, quantitative protein determination (Bradford), electrophoretic techniques (SDS-PAGE for purity control and molecular weight determination of proteins by Rf values; 2D electrophoresis; Coomassie Blue and silver staining).

Preparation of a purification table.

Type of protocol: three experiments, one protocol per experiment in the form of a scientific publication - abstract, introduction, M&M, results, discussion, literature.

Activating method

Final exam: 30% written examination on the theoretical background at the beginning of the internship.

40% assessment of oral and practical participation in the laboratory

30% assessment of the protocol

National and international guidelines and their implementation using a practical example in pharmaceutical companies in particular: Excerpts from " the German Drug Law, " the German Drug Operating Regulations, " the Good Manufacturing Practice, " the Good Clinical Practice, " the Good Laboratory Practice, " the Good Distribution Practice and basic principles of qualification and validation with special consideration of quality risk management according to ICH Q9 guidelines.

Activating methods

Continuous assessment: Evaluation of a specific project work (preparation of an operating licence) and written final examination.

project management:

The content spans from general terms and definitions of project management to project development, the planning of projects, the the implementation and control up to the project conclusion.

• General terms and basics: definition of project and project management, differences project/process, at what point is a task a project, overview of project types, pros/cons of projects, organizational forms and project phase.
• Project initialization: principles of idea development, from idea to project assignment (project charter), team formation and development, stakeholder analysis, governance
• Project planning: basics, task planning, sequencing, scheduling, cost and resource planning, risk management
• Project execution and control: basics of monitoring and control (deadlines, costs, performance, risk), project reporting,
• Project closure: handover of results, closure analysis, lessons learned, project team dissolution.

Activating methods

Continuous assessment: Evaluation of a specific project work (project management for the preparation of an operating licence) and written final examination.

Applied microbiology describes the application of microbiological processes to the production of goods and services, typically, but not exclusively at the industrial level and is largely concerned with the generation of substances of commercial interest, specifically chemicals, foods and pharmaceuticals. The term describes the generation of the molecules of interest, i.e. it describes the upstream production.

This course will focus primarily on the generation of pharmaceutical products, but will also present the relevant downstream steps.

The purpose of this course is to familiarise the students with typical industrial technologies for the production of biomass and metabolites, highlighting the technological, economic and regulatory challenges. 

Lecture

Final exam: Written final exam

- Introduction to microbiological work (sterile work, disinfection), occupational safety regulations - isolation, cultivation and identification of microorganisms - cell count determination - media preparation - growth kinetics - microscopy and staining methods - morphological and physiological characterization (differentiation methods)

Activating method

Continuous assessment: Lab practical and collaboration, intermediate test, final seminar, protocol

• Structure of prokaryotic chromatin compared to eukaryotic chromatin
• Bacterial chromatin and transcription
• rRNA (genes - transcription - processing - RNA polymerase I)
• RNA dependent RNA polymerases
• Ribosomal Frameshifting
• SARS-Cov2
• Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of HIV-1 gene expression
• CRISPR system(s)

Presenting method

Final exam: Written final exam

The course builds on the module GMBT12. The topics covered there will be deepened and extended. Based on the structure and properties of DNA, genes, chromatin and RNA, replication, DNA repair and mutations are introduced. A major part of the course deals with the regulation and translation of genetic information: the structure and regulation of gene expression of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes are discussed, epigenetic effects, and as a focus signaling processes. Finally, applications of DNA technology in research and therapy are discussed.

Presenting & Activating Methods

Continuous assessment: Verification of knowledge through several written tests.

In this practical course, the function of genes is worked out by the students using a continuous example in a bacterial system. In addition, the students learn about methods of protein analysis. The expression of a recombinant protein is first studied on a small scale (expression cloning in E. coli). Western blots are used to analyse the time course of protein expression. After upscaling of the culture volume under the previously established conditions, the recombinant protein is purified by affinity chromatography (HIS tag purification) and finally analysed, dialysed and the amount of protein obtained is quantitatively determined. Type of protocol: protocol in the form of a scientific publication - abstract, introduction, M&M, results, discussion, literature and citation.

Activating method

Final exam: Final examination: protocol, written final examination, motivation, cooperation, practical skills (results)

The course is, among other things, a consolidation of what was taught in the module "Scientific, Social & Communication Skills".

English is taught via “authentic” international documentation: safety data sheets, articles from peer-reviewed life-science journals, Bachelor theses, etc. using well-known blended learning tools such as group puzzles, individual and group presentations, or video material.

Scientific writing is deepened.

Grammar and punctuation are taught if required by the level of students.

The following topics are taught:

1. Scientific writing:

• scientific articles

• vocabulary
• content
• scientific expression
• citations and references
• construction
• style
• summarizing
• referencing

2. Safety in the Laboratory:

• vocabulary
• abbreviations
• GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling)

3. Career:

• vocabulary
• applications
• accompanying documentation

3. Knowledge acquisition and communication:

• Reading, comprehending, summarising and presenting the contents of authentic research articles (Nature/Cell etc.) to a specialist audience as well as to the general public.
• summary writing

Continuous self-reflection, self-evaluation and appreciative evaluation/(group)-reflection of colleagues.

Activating Methods: e.g. presentations, discussions …

Continuous assessment: Performance and progress are permanently assessed. The assessment is based on all written and oral work during the semester. Active participation during the lessons is also taken into account.

In "Social Skills IV", moderated problem solving is the focus. The planning and implementation of moderation in accordance with the assignment is practiced, different moderation methods are tried out and evaluated according to the task. The perception for rhetorical tricks is sharpened and the handling of disorders is trained. Main topic: Moderation and problem solving " Preparation for moderation " Moderation methods " Rhetorical strategies " Dealing with disturbances

Activating methods

Final exam: Performance and progress are assessed on an ongoing basis. The assessment is based on all written and oral work during the semester. Collaboration is additionally taken into account.

Students receive guidance, support and encouragement in scientific theoretical, research practical and formal questions of their work, scientific theories and methods (topic identification in the field of molecular biotechnology). In the UAS Bachelor's programme Molecular Biotechnology, the Bachelor's thesis in the 5th semester is an extended work protocol of the professional internship in which the internship content is documented and scientifically reflected. The work must be written independently, i.e. in individual work. The topic of the bachelor thesis results from the topic chosen during the professional internship. As a rule, the bachelor thesis includes the work of the entire professional internship. The Bachelor thesis is supervised by the supervisor of the internship. Students receive reflected feedback on their Bachelor thesis.

Activating method

Final exam: Evaluation by assessors

The professional internship serves the students as an introduction to independent work. The tasks begin with the search for a suitable internship position and an internship supervisor. Under the supervision of a relevant person, students learn about the professional practice of a biotechnology company/research institute and/or independent scientific work. In the professional internship, the technical, methodological and social skills acquired during the course of studies are put into practice and consolidated in practice in the desired professional field of activity. A further important teaching content is the independent writing of the internship results in the form of a professional internship report as well as the documentation of scientific results, partly according to GMP & GLP guidelines.

Activating methods: Practical work

Continuous assessment: Expert opinion of the supervisor incl. grading

• Mikroskopie, Präparationstechnik: Grundlagen mikroskopischer Technik - LM: Hellfeld, Phasenkontrast, Fluoreszenz, Auflösung/Vergrößerung, Objektiv, Elektronenmikroskop, Präparationstechnik: Fixierung, Einbettung, Mikrotomie, Färbung, Immunmarkierung
• Gewebelehre 1: Epithelgewebe; Gewebe: Definition, Einteilung, Zellen / Matrix, Funktionelle Organisation von Geweben; Oberflächenepithel: Einteilung, Bauprinzipien, Zellverbindungen, Polarität, Basallamina; Resorption/Transport, Selektion, Barriere/ "Schutz" (Urothel, Epidermis/Haut); Drüsenepithel: Einteilung, Bauprinzip, Sekretion: Modus, Sekretart, Beispiel: Pankreas; endo-exokrine Sekretion, Regulation, diff. Sekretfunktionen - Verdauung, Schutz, Gleitfunktion
• Gewebelehre 2: Binde-/Stützgewebe: Einteilung, Zellen-Matrix, Fasertypen, Grundsubstanzmoleküle; Biomechanik verschiedener Bindegewebstypen, Zell-Matrix Interaktion, Metabolismus, Regeneration; Fettgewebe: Bauprinzipien, Typen, Zellen Knorpel: Bauprinzipien, Typen, Zellen, Matrix; Knochen: Bauprinzipien, Typen, Zellen, Matrix; Knochenbildung, Mechanik, Mineralisation, Umbau
• Gewebelehre 3: Muskelgewebe: Muskulatur: Organisation, allgemeine Bauprinzipien, Gemeinsamkeiten / Unterscheidungsmerkmale (Querstreifung, Sarkomer); Bewegungsprinzipien auf subzellulärer, zellulärer und Organebene, Entwicklung, De- und Regeneration; Glatte Muskulatur Skelettmuskulatur Herzmuskulatur; Organisation, Kontraktion; Weitere kontraktile Zellen: Myofibroblast, Myoepithelzelle zelluläre Grundlagen der Kontraktion – Zytoskelett; Bewegungs- Transportprinzipien im Organismus: Peristaltik, Sekrete, Spermien, Wundheilung
• Gewebelehre 4: Nervengewebe: Nervengewebe: Bauprinzip, Nervenzellen ↔ Gliazellen, Myelin, Nerv ↔ Nervenfaser; Interaktion von Neuronenketten, Reizleitung, -Übertragung, Gliafunktionen Peripheres NS, Nerv, Synapse; Grundbauprinzip ZNS: Großhirn, Kleinhirn, Rückenmark; Grundprinzipien v. Reflexbogen, neuronale Verschaltung am Beispiel des Kleinhirns
• Organologie Kreislauf: Blut: Plasma, Serum, Hämatokrit, Blutzellen, Herstellung eines Blutausstriches; Beurteilung eines Blutausstrichs, Eckdaten des Differentialblutbilds, Diagnostik, Steckbrief der Blutzellfunktionen; Blutbildung, Blutbildendes Gewebe – Sternalpunktat; Potenz von Stammzellen, Entwicklungsreihen; Blutgefäße: allgemeines / spezifisches Bauprinzip; Bau - Funktionskorrelation von Blutgefäßen; Verdauung: Mundhöhle, Zunge, Zahn; Speiseröhre, Magen, Dünndarm, Dickdarm; Funktionsbezogenes Bauprinzip → spez. Leistungen; Verdauung, Resorption, Steuerung, Abwehr Leber, Pankreas; Entgiftung, Galleproduktion, Energiespeicherung, Zellabbau Ausscheidung und Reproduktion: Niere: Nephron, Nierenkörperchen, Tubulus-System, Blut-Harn-Schranke, juxtaglomerulärer Apparat, ableitende Harnwege; Primärharnbildung, Rückresorption, Endharnbildung, Autoregulation der Niere; Hoden, Bauprinzip, Spermatogenese; Keimzellbildung, -reifung, Sperma, Fertilität; Nebenhoden, akzessorische Geschlechtsdrüsen; Sperma; Ovar: Urkeimzellen → Eizelle, Follikel, -stadien, -reifung, -sprung, Dominanz, Corpus rubrum, -luteum, albicans, Hormonbildung; Differenzierung der Eizelle, Ovulation, Befruchtung, hormonelle Wechselwirkung - Hypophyse - Ovar – Uterus; Uterus, Bauprinzip, zyklusabhängige Veränderungen; Grundlagen für Einnistung des Keims Vaginalabstrich: Herstellung, Zelldifferenzierung; Diagnostische Bedeutung des Abstrichs; Haut: Bauprinzipien, Typen, Anhangsgebilde- Haare, Schweißdrüsen; Mechanik, Bräunung, Thermoregulation, Immunabwehr; Rezeptoren der Haut; Sensorik: Druck- Tastempfinden; Endokrines System: Schilddrüse, Nebenniere, Hypophyse; Beispiele hormoneller Regelkreise Atmungsorgane: Nasenraum, Luftröhre, Lunge; Lungenreife, Blut-Luftschranke - Gasaustausch Sinnesorgane, exemplarisch Auge: Augapfel: Augenhäuteräume, Organisation der Netzhaut, gelber / blinder Fleck, Kornea, Iris, Linse, Kammerwasser, Sehnerv; Weg des Lichtstrahls, brechende Medien, Akkommodation; Bildentstehung, -Leitung- Verschaltung, Augenfarbe; Lymphatische Organe: Milz, Lymphknoten, Thymus, MALT; Topographische Aspekte der Gewebsregeneration, Progenitorzellen ® „Stammzellnischen“; Schranken – Blut-Gewebe-Schranken (Blut-Hirn-, Blut-Hoden-, Blut-Luft-, Plazenta-Schranke; in Richtung verschiedener. „nanotechnologischer“ Ansätze); Barrieren im Organismus – Epidermis, ableitende Harnwege, Verdauungstrakt, Respirationstrakt

Presenting & Activating Methods: Lecture supplemented by "Virtual Microscope

Final exam: Combined written examination: multiple choice questions, free questions and topic development including sketches

Homeostasis and membrane potential (compartments, transport mechanisms, resting membrane potential, action potential, conduction); heart (structure of the heart, conduction system, pacemaker, ECG, course of normal heart action, coronary perfusion); respiration (lung volumes, respiratory cycle, respiratory restriction, compliance, surfactant, O2 or

CO2 transport; musculature (electromechanical coupling, contraction, striated, smooth and cardiac muscles, performance diagram); circulation (body & lung circulation, fetal circulation, pressure ratios, oxygen saturation, oxygen demand of important organs, local blood circulation regulation) Blood (transport of nutrients and waste products, storage, coagulation, plasma proteins); defence (cellular & humoral mechanisms, AB0 blood group system, complement system, course of an inflammation); kidney (structure of a nephron, glomerular filtration, secretion, reabsorption, regulation of blood volume & electrolyte composition, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system); Metabolism/digestion (sections of the gastrointestinal tract and their functions, digestion/absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, tasks of the liver); sensory organs (general sensory physiology, sense of touch, depth sensitivity, photoreceptors organ of balance, ear, sense of smell, sense of taste, perception of pain); Nervous system (vegetative nervous system, transmitter systems, motor function, cognitive functions); endocrinology (main hormone receptor mechanisms, hormones of the pituitary gland, regulation of blood sugar levels, catecholamines, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone, sex hormones).

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written exam

Acute inflammatory diseases The immune system evolved to protect against pathogenic organisms such as viruses, bacteria and other parasites. Both innate and acquired immunity fulfil their purpose in the compound. Topics are the molecular basis and clinical relevance of the misdirected immune system in the context of e.g. infectious diseases. One of the central services of the immune system is the distinction between "self" and "foreign". Autoimmunity and immunodeficiency If the body's own structures are not recognized as "self", the lack of tolerance can lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. If "foreign" is not sufficiently recognized or the immune system is unable to react adequately, the organism may not protect itself sufficiently against intruders, and sometimes serious, life-threatening infections may result. In this course the most important and most frequent autoimmune diseases (clinical presentation, diagnostics, pathogenesis models), as well as the most important congenital and acquired immune defects are presented. Finally, we will briefly point out the clinically relevant coincidence of immunodeficiency and autoimmune phenomena. Allergy Some structures foreign to the body are classified by the immune system as potentially dangerous. In this case an unregulated immune response based on special mechanisms occurs. Here we talk about the symptoms, clinical presentation and different forms of allergies. We also shed light on the molecular background of allergic reactions.

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written exam

Principles of development (differentiation, growth, pattern formation, induction, morphogens, cytoplasmic determinants, regulatory development, cell fate, cell migration, differential cell adhesion).

Phases of development (early cell divisions, gastrulation, neurulation, organ development).

Development of important model systems (Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, Xenopus, chicken, mouse, and an evolutionary comparison)

Methods of developmental biology (transplants, gene expression analysis, gain-of-function and loss-of-function methods)

Axis formation (organizers, anteroposterior axis - Hox genes, dorsoventral axis, left/right axis)

Blood circulation (angiogenesis, hematopoietic system)

Regulation of growth

Germ cells and reproduction (incl. in vitro fertilization, cloning)

Regeneration (stem cells, regeneration, tissue engineering, aging)

Special focus: carcinogenesis

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written exam

The aim of this course is to show step by step the way from the biological or pathological pathway to the identification of the involved genes (using the methodology of functional genome research) and then the targeted search for specific active substances up to clinical studies. First, an introduction to the medically relevant signalling pathways of the cell is given. Then the methods of genome research are presented, starting with bioinformatics and the use of existing databases. High-throughput methods based on microarrays and proteomics allow the identification of candidate genes that have functions in the desired biological/pathological pathways. A narrowing of these potential targets takes place during the functional characterization of the candidate genes, starting in cell culture systems and finally in the context of the whole organism. The repertoire of methods presented includes both gain-of-function and loss-of-function methods. Finally, the pharmaceutical implementation is carried out by methods of drug selection and optimization up to animal experiments and clinical tests.

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written exam

Presentation of biological models in medicine and basic research (fish, frog, chicken, mouse models, as well as unicellular models, Drosophila and C. elegans as invertebrate models). Criteria for the use of model organisms, especially using genetic methods. Genome research in model organisms, animal models in biomedical research, targeted production of animal models by genetic manipulation, animal experiments in the approval of drugs, model organisms for the development of new active substances (drug screening).

Presenting method

Final exam: Final written exam

Natural regenerative capacity of tissues (comparison of human-animal) and influencing these capacities, application of implants and organ transplants (problem of immune reactions), bone marrow transplantation Introduction to biomaterials - especially to the class of biodegradable materials, properties and function of stem cells (differentiation potential), Extracellular carrier materials for three-dimensional implants (matrix-cell interaction), cell therapy by encapsulation of cells, special process techniques for tissue culture in tissue engineering, use of growth factors in regenerative medicine, problem of immune reactions when therapeutic proteins are administered Production of artificial tissue, status quo of tissue engineering in various tissues. In particular, tissue engineering of skin, cartilage or bone tissue, use or production of autologous and artificial vascular prostheses, regeneration of heart muscle tissue, regeneration of nerve tissue for the treatment of injury to the peripheral and central nervous system and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Ethical principles in organ transplantation, in the use of stem cells and the use of artificial tissue produced by tissue engineering The students will get an overview of the preclinical and clinical development of artificial tissue using tissue engineering. The complexity of both the production and the registration of such medicinal products is highlighted. As a result, students also gain an insight into the commercial situation of products manufactured using tissue engineering.

Presenting & Activating Methods: e.g. View copies of biomaterials

Final exam: Final written exam

The course presents core topics of everyday business life in biotech companies and deals with aspects that are both new and important in everyday working life, especially for young employees in biotech R&D, operations and management (1.).

Topics relating to the relationship between employees and superiors or company management are discussed and illustrated using case studies in break-out team sessions (2.).

Finally, soft skills and personal development are discussed from a practical perspective in context and illustrated using case studies in break-out team sessions (3.).

1. Everyday business in biotech companies

1. Founding & Founder(s)
2. Funding & Investors
3. Management & company bodies
4. Startups in the VUCA World – Managing Uncertainty
5. Dynamic Capabilities
6. The ‘Lean Startup’ concept
7. Innovation Management
8. Agile & Teamwork – Example: Scrum
9. Company Culture

2. Employee – leadership relationship

1. Organizational Structures
2. Goal setting
3. Performance review
4. Feedback culture

3. Soft Skills & Personal Development

1. Personal Development & Objective Agreement
2. Time Management & Efficiency
3. Communication
4. Entrepreneurial mindset
5. Resilience

Performing method (lecture) and case study work in break-out team sessions

Continuous assessment: homework, seminar lectures in group and individual work

• Die Bestandteile des Marketing Mix und einer integrierten Marketingstrategie bezogen auf Produkte, Marken und Unternehmen
• Instrumente der Marktforschung
• Marktsegmentierung, Marktpositionierung, Bearbeitung von Zielgruppen
• Methoden der Entwicklung eines Preis- bzw. Gewinnmodells, Grundlagen der Preiskalkulation und -adjustierungen
• Regulationsmechanismen für Preisgestaltung in Österreich und auf globaler Ebene
• Distribution und Logistik
• Werbung, Verkauf und Kommunikation allgemein, und spezifisch in einem wissenschaftsorientierten Umfeld
• Die Etappen der Produktentwicklung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der präklinischen und klinischen Studien vor und nach dem Launch bei Medikamenten
• Ethische Prinzipien des Marketings
• Das Produkt-Lebenszyklus Modell
• Grundlagen der Portfolio-Analyse (Portfoliomatrix nach der Boston Consulting Group)

Presentation & Activating Methods

Final exam: Exercises during the lectures (ILV)

- Case studies: Development of selected drugs (biopharmaceuticals and small molecules)

- Classes of pharmaceuticals

- Clinical (randomized controlled trials (RCTs)) and epidemiological study designs in the product life cycle

- Endpoints and inclusion and exclusion criteria

- Special patient groups

- Data analysis and interpretation

- Overview: Ethical aspects, origins and principles of Good Clinical Practice (GCP)

- International guidelines (EMEA, FDA, ICH)

- Product life cycle management and selected commercial aspects

- Interfaces: Marketing, in particular the marketing mix ("4 Ps") and the product life cycle

Lectures, group discussions and exercises

Final exam: Final examination, standard (final examination: written final examination, assessment of exercises during the ILV)

1. carrying out a distillation at normal pressure
2. Carrying out a distillation under vacuum.

3. extraction of a carboxylic acid from an aqueous alkaline solution and subsequent purification by recrystallization.

4. Synthesis of acetoacetic ester ethylene acetal
5. Synthesis of phenylethanol (via NaBH4 reduction)
6. Synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid

7. synthesis of phenytoin

Method of protocol: handwritten protocol of each experiment.

Activating method

Continuous assessment: Immanent examination character; evaluation of synthesis preparations according to quantity and quality.

The Bachelor's examination is the final examination of the Bachelor's programme before an examination senate relevant to the subject. The students present results from their work experience in the form of a lecture. Students are interviewed by the examination senate on their presentation as well as on central theoretical and practical topics of the Bachelor's programme.

Activating methods: presentation and oral examination

Final exam: Up to 20 points will be awarded by the examination senate for the presentation. Up to 20 points will also be awarded for the subsequent questioning on the presentation. For answering the questions on central theoretical and practical topics of the Bachelor's program, up to 30 points each are awarded. The sum of these points results in the overall grade for the Bachelor's examination.

The professional internship reflection is divided into 2 parts:

1. self-reflection: preparation of a written reflection during the professional internship regarding:

? Topic, structure (organization, lab) of the professional internship site, supervision, work climate/culture, research, learning content, methods learned.

? Lessons learned

2. group reflection: using their self-reflection as a guide and starting point, students in small groups compare and contrast their experiences/opinions/conclusions, etc. during the professional internship. They then select one or more related aspects of their "internship experience" that are of interest to all team members and summarize their group experience and personal development in light of their future careers. The results are presented to their peers as well as to a selected audience in a media format chosen by the group (e.g. video, poster, web page...).

Activating method

Continuous assessment: Active participation.